• the Battle of Bapheus in 1302 was the first major Ottoman victory, and led to their gradual conquest of Byzantine-controlled Bithynia?
• the Xhosa Wars veteran Stephen Bartlett Lakeman (pictured) became an Ottoman pasha and, late in his life, helped create the Romanian National Liberal Party?
• the British failure to break through Ottoman lines in the Battle of Wadi during WWI, led to Charles Townshend's disastrous surrender following the Siege of Kut?
• the capture of Tunis by the Ottoman Empire from the Spanish Empire in 1574 decided that North Africa would be under Muslim rather than Christian rule?
• the Chiflik system of land management under the Ottoman Empire was one of the reasons the Greek peasants supported the Greek War of Independence?
• the Crusade of Varna required simultaneous attacks on the Muslim Ottoman Empire by Christian Hungary and the Muslim Karamanids, which did not occur?
• the Church of the Acheiropoietos, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Thessaloniki, was the first Christian church to be converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of the Greek city in 1430?
• the Sultan Bayezid II Mosque is the oldest surviving Ottoman imperial mosque complex in Istanbul, Turkey?
• the Senyavin Islands of Micronesia were named after Dmitry Senyavin, who destroyed the Ottoman Fleet in the Battle of Athos in 1807?
• the Cossack Hetman and the later Muscovite voyevoda Petro Doroshenko signed a treaty with Sultan Mehmed IV recognizing the Cossack Hetmanate as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire?
• ten days before the ratification of the Peace of Szeged, Vladislaus, King of Hungary, swore an oath which invalidated it and all future treaties with the Ottoman Empire?
• the assassination of Ottoman sultan Osman II came about in part due to the military reforms made following his defeat at the Battle of Khotyn in 1621?
• the Ottoman battleship Abdul Kadir was canceled and scrapped because its keel blocks had moved?
• the Russian victory at Molodi in 1572 put a stop to the northward expansion of the Ottoman Empire into present-day Russia?
• the Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul disaster, which occurred in 1890 off Kushimoto, led to strengthening foreign relations between Turkey and Japan?
• the Declaration to the Seven was the first British pronouncement to the Arab states of the former Ottoman Empire advancing the principle of national self-determination?
• the Girays of Crimea were regarded as the second family of the Ottoman Empire after the House of Ottoman?
• the delayed conclusion of the Russo-Ottoman Treaty of Constantinople (1700) caused Russian forces to arrive late in the war with Sweden?
• the Italian Tocco family became the rulers of several Ionian Islands and formed the last dynasty of the Despotate of Epirus in Greece, before they were conquered by the Ottomans?
• the first three Ministers of the Privy Treasury of the Ottoman Empire were Armenian, the first being Hagop Kazazian Pasha?
• the leader of the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Parkany (painting pictured) was later executed for failing to defend their Hungarian lands?
• when Mazra'a was one of the Viftlik estates of the Galilee governor Daher al-Omar, it was exempt from paying taxes to the Ottoman Empire?
• the remains of a cannon ball can still be seen in the wall of Moni Gonia Monastery from an Ottoman attack during the Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869?
• the British battlecruisers HMS Indomitable and HMS Indefatigable bombarded Turkish fortifications on the Dardanelles two days before the British declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire?
• the Valens Aqueduct was the major water-providing system of medieval Constantinople and Ottoman Istanbul?
• the Mecelle, the Ottoman civil code of 1877, was the first attempt to codify part of the laws of an Islamic state?
• the Galatasaray S.K. has origins from the Ottoman Empire era?
• the Ottoman Bank, established as a private bank in 1856, became a central bank in 1863 and issued banknotes in the Ottoman Empire and then Turkey until 1931?
• the Persian embassy to Europe in 1599–1602 aimed at establishing a Christian–Persian alliance against the Ottoman Empire?
• the Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (pictured) in Sofia, Bulgaria is a reorganized Ottoman mosque, built on the site of an Early Christian temple?
• the Russian frigate General Admiral evacuated Cretan insurgents and their families in 1868 during the Cretan Revolt against the Ottoman Empire?
• right after the Byzantine capital of Constantinople fell to the Ottomans, the rulers of the Byzantine Despotate of Morea called upon the Ottomans to suppress their own peasant revolt?
• poet and author Kostas Krystallis escaped to Greece after being denounced by the Ottoman authorities for writing a patriotic collection of poetry?
• Rafiq al-Tamimi (pictured) helped establish al-Fatat, an anti-Ottoman Arab nationalist movement, despite working for the country's government?
• Nexhip Draga, a former Ottoman kaymakam, played an important role in the Albanian uprising of 1912?
• Khotyn Fortress (pictured), site of the Battle of Khotyn between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1621, is one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine?
• SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm (pictured), a German-built pre-dreadnought battleship, was sold to the Ottoman Empire, renamed Heireddin Barbarossa, and sunk by a British submarine during World War I?
• Sabil Abu Nabbut (pictured) was a public fountain built by Ottoman governor Muhammad Abu Nabbut in 1812 to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem?
• Sir Robert Ainslie, 1st Baronet, British ambassador to the Ottoman Porte, commissioned his own friend Luigi Mayer to draw pictures of places in the Ottoman Empire for his collection?
• SantralIstanbul, a modern art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, is located in what was the first power station of the Ottoman Empire?
• Khan al-Harir, built by Darwish Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Damascus, was the first great caravanserai to be built inside the old city walls of Damascus?
• Joseph Cornelius O’Rourke, an Irish Count born in Estonia, became a Russian Lieutenant General, and was honoured with a statue in Belgrade for his victory over the Ottoman Empire in 1810?
• Italian Vice Consul Vito Positano saved the future Bulgarian capital Sofia from burning by the Ottoman army?
• fairy tale collector Nicolae Constantin Batzaria was an Aromanian representative among the Young Turks, an Ottoman government minister, and one of Romania's best-known creators of comic strips?
• Poland–Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire signed a "perpetual" peace in 1533?
• As'ad Pasha al-Azm, governor of Damascus under the Ottoman Empire for 14 years, ordered the construction of the Azm Palace and Khan As'ad Pasha?
• Jean de La Forêt was the first French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in 1534, and that he negotiated in 1536 a Franco-Ottoman treaty of alliance?
• Dolmabahçe Palace was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1853 to 1923?
• Wojciech Bobowski was one of the most important musicians of the Ottoman Empire, and the author of the Bible translation into the Ottoman Turkish language?
• a Habsburg-Persian alliance was initiated by Charles V in the 16th century, in order to open a second front in his fight against the Ottoman Empire?
• in the massacre of the Albanian beys, around 500 southern Albanian leaders (beys) and their forces were treacherously killed by Ottoman forces when they were invited to a ceremonial salute parade?
• in the capture of Algiers (1529), Barbarossa (pictured) delivered the city of Algiers (modern Algeria) from Spanish control and installed it under Ottoman rule for three centuries?
• in the Ottoman expedition to Aceh starting in 1565, the Ottoman Empire provided military support to Aceh (modern Indonesia) against the Portuguese?
• in the Siege of Tripoli (1551) the Ottoman Empire captured the city of Tripoli in modern-day Libya from the Knights of Malta?
• much of the Mahmoudiya Mosque in Jaffa was built during the Ottoman era using construction materials acquired from Roman columns?
• local boyars protested against the Russian annexation of Bessarabia after the Russo-Turkish War in 1812, arguing that the Ottoman Empire had no right to cede a Moldavian territory?
• in the 1537 Siege of Corfu, the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent was joined by a French fleet under Baron de Saint-Blancard?
• in addition to his distinguished military career against the Ottoman Turks, Paul I, 1st Prince Esterházy of Galántha (pictured), was also an accomplished poet, harpsichordist, and composer?
• after the Fall of Constantinople, the Ottomans demolished the Column of Justinian to symbolize their capture of the city?
• after being deposed by his brother Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman sultan Murad V was detained in the Malta Pavilion?
• during the Italian War of 1542–1546, the population of Toulon, France was expelled to make room for an Ottoman naval base?
• during the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1570–1573, the 8,500-strong Venetian garrison of Famagusta in Cyprus held out for eleven months against an Ottoman army of 200,000 men?
• in 1876, British historian Edwin Pears, as correspondent of The Daily News, sent letters home describing Ottoman atrocities in Bulgaria during the April Uprising which aroused demonstrations in England led by William Gladstone?
• for organizing a revolt on an Ottoman slave galley and freeing Christian slaves, Hetman Ivan Sulyma received a medal from Pope Paul V?
• Bulgarian Dobri Zhelyazkov founded the first textile factory in the Ottoman Empire?

Facts on topics related to Ottoman Empire

Istanbul

• Istanbul's Vefa Kilise Mosque (pictured) is an example of a Byzantine church since converted into an Ottoman mosque?
• Baghdad Street in Istanbul was named by Murad IV to commemorate his conquest of Mesopotamia?
• Mike Davis envisioned making recreational boats available on the Hudson River in New York City after seeing how boats could be rented in Istanbul and rowed on the Bosporus?
• Süreyya Opera House in Istanbul, built in 1927 as a musical theater but used all the time as a cinema, gained its intended status only in 2007 after redevelopment?
• SantralIstanbul, a modern art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, is located in what was the first power station of the Ottoman Empire?
• Sultanahmet Jail in Istanbul, Turkey, which served mostly as a prison reserved for intellectual dissidents, is today a five-star hotel?
• Yakov Bulgakov, Catherine II's emissary in Istanbul, managed to obtain a plan of the Turkish naval offensive while being imprisoned in Yedikule during the Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792?
• after World War I, Istanbul was occupied by the Triple Entente in the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire?
• despite being a key building of middle byzantine Architecture, the mosque of Eski Imaret (pictured) is still one among the least studied monuments of Istanbul?
• in 1983, Yıldırım Aktuna, a neuropsychiatrist and later a politician, founded Turkey’s first alcohol and drug rehabilitation center at the country's largest psychiatric hospital in Istanbul?

Byzantine Empire

• Byzantine general Peter Phokas was originally born a slave and made a eunuch, but rose to become one of the senior-most commanders of the Byzantine Empire in the 960s and 970s?
• Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos created the Metropolitanate of Lithuania, which was later regarded as an "anomaly" by the Byzantine authorities?
• Byzantine official Peter the Patrician may have been responsible for the murder of Ostrogothic queen Amalasuntha, despite being instructed to secure her safety by emperor Justinian I?
• Istanbul's Vefa Kilise Mosque (pictured) is an example of a Byzantine church since converted into an Ottoman mosque?
• medieval Bulgarian military leader Ivan the Russian defended Plovdiv in a four-month Byzantine siege only for the citizens to let the Byzantines in while he was away?
• Sviatoslav of Kiev was invited by the Byzantine Empire to attack Bulgaria in order to force them to make concessions, but ended up conquering the country?
• Andronikos Kontostephanos was the leading general of Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, and that his career took him from Hungary to Egypt?
• Leo the Mathematician, called by some the cleverest man in 9th-century Byzantium, invented a system of beacons to warn of Arab raids and a fabled levitating throne for the emperor?
• New England used to be part of the Roman Empire, and China is still part of Japan?
• Ras Ibn Hani, a small cape located 8 km north of Latakia, Syria, was occupied almost continuously from the late Bronze Age until Byzantine times?

Abbasid Caliphate

• Baghdad was under siege for more than a year during a civil war in the 9th century between Al-Amin and his brother Al-Ma'mun for the Abbasid Caliphate?
• an alliance was formed in the 8th century between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Frankish Carolingian Empire against the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Umayyads of Spain?

Mongol Empire

• Ani, a medieval city once rivaling Constantinople, was ransacked by Mongols and now stands in ruin?
• in the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongol Empire had an alliance with the Armenians against their common enemy, the Muslim Mamluks?
• the Byzantine Empire and the Mongol Empire formed an alliance in 1263, and 4,000 Mongol soldiers were dispatched in 1282 to help defend Constantinople?
• the vast Mongol Empire that once stretched from East Asia to Romania was brought down by the Red Turban Rebellion?

Ottoman Turks

• the 15th-century Guillaume Dufay wrote a Lament of the Holy Mother Church of Constantinople for a political show banquet to propagate a crusade against the Ottoman Turks?
• the See of Sardis, an episcopal see once held by Melito, continued to be held by titular archbishops for centuries after the Ottoman Turks conquered Sardis?

Ottoman Emperor

• in the Siege of Esztergom (1543), the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman captured the Hungarian city of Esztergom with the support of French artillery?

Ottoman empire

• the 1910–1911 Zionist newspaper Hamevasser called on Jews to join the Ottoman army, in an effort to improve Jewish-Turkish relations?
• the Dome of the Prophet was built by the Ottomans on the spot where some believe Islamic prophet Muhammad prayed on the night of Isra and Mi'raj?

Ottoman

• Istanbul's Vefa Kilise Mosque (pictured) is an example of a Byzantine church since converted into an Ottoman mosque?
• Daskalogiannis was an 18th-century Cretan rebel skinned alive by Ottoman rulers?
• Suleiman the elephant, named after the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, became the first elephant to visit Vienna in March 1552?
• Zarafa was a giraffe presented to Charles X of France from Mehmet Ali Pasha, the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt in 1826, to encourage the King of France to end his support for the Greeks in their fight for independence?
• in the Polish-Ottoman War of 1672-1676, a few years before crippling the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to sign an unfavorable treaty with the Empire?
• the Khedive Palace in Istanbul, Turkey, once a mansion for Ottoman governors, now serves as an upscale restaurant?
• the striking of a French consul with a fly-whisk by Ottoman ruler Hussein Dey was used as a pretext for the invasion of Algiers?