Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Facts

Top rankings for Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

23rd	Top state leaders in 1646
113rd	Top state leaders in 1750
103rd	Top state leaders in 1704
21st	Top state leaders in 1658
27th	Top state leaders in 1642
27th	Top state leaders in 1632
19th	Top state leaders in 1630
21st	Top state leaders in 1570
35th	Top state leaders in 1792
44th	Top state leaders in 1783
50th	Top state leaders in 1781
59th	Top state leaders in 1779
104th	Top state leaders in 1691
29th	Top state leaders in 1687
26th	Top state leaders in 1686
26th	Top state leaders in 1684
32nd	Top state leaders in 1682
25th	Top state leaders in 1673
22nd	Top state leaders in 1665
19th	Top state leaders in 1657
23rd	Top state leaders in 1653
35th	Top state leaders in 1650
28th	Top state leaders in 1637
26th	Top state leaders in 1627

in the Treaty of Bromberg, Poland-Lithuania accepted Hohenzollern sovereignity in the Duchy of Prussia in turn for an "eternal alliance"?
of the two competing Polish kings in 1705, one was allied with Russia and the other one with Sweden?
in the Polish-Ottoman War of 1672-1676, a few years before crippling the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to sign an unfavorable treaty with the Empire?
in the Battle of Zhovti Vody the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth faced 1:10 odds for 18 days before its final defeat by the Cossack-Tatar alliance?
according to a legend, Polish-Lithuanian noble Mikołaj Sapieha stole a Holy Painting from a private Papal chapel in Rome?
among the founding members of Philomathes - a clandestine Polish student organization in Imperial University of Vilna in partitioned Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - was Adam Mickiewicz, one of the three national poets of Poland?
the 1635 Treaty of Sztumska Wieś between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden was of much interest to contemporary European diplomacy?
the Black Procession of Polish burghers in 1789 resulted in the passage of the belated major urban reform in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
though the territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth decreased from 1620s till its end, the number of its provincial governors kept increasing, as the offices of a lost province could not be dissolved?
without adequate scouting, Russian forces advanced blindly into the Battle of Lubar in 1658 during the Russo-Polish War, and were soundly defeated by a Polish army much larger than expected?
the reforms of the Great Sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, based on the French revolution, were annulled by the military intervention of the Russian Empire?
the Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars of the 16th century saw significant territorial gains for the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and forced the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to ally itself closer with the Kingdom of Poland, forming the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
the Grodno Sejm of 1793, the last Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, passed the Second Partition of Poland with deputies bribed or coerced by the Russian Empire's army?
the Henrician Articles, passed in 1573, laid out the principles of government in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Polish merchant Jan Dekert was a vocal advocate for the enfranchisement of burghers during the Great Sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Zamosc Fortress, one of the biggest fortresses of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was besieged six times by various armies?
Golden Liberty, the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, similar to federation and democracy, became ineffective when faced with the surrounding mon archies?
Jakub Wejher, one of 17th century Poland's richest magnates, founded the town of Wejherowo?
coffin portraits (example pictured) of nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were meant to create an impression that the deceased is taking part in the funeral?
Adam Stanisław Grabowski, Prince-Bishop of Warmia, was a patron of the arts and a representative of the Catholic Enlightenment in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Frederick II of Prussia was elated by the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
French-born artist Jan Piotr Norblin is famous in Poland for illustrating many important historical moments of the last years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and is considered one of the most important painters of the Polish Enlightenment?
Kajetan Sołtyk, 18th century Bishop of Cracow, an important politician in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was eventually declared insane by his political opponents and removed from power?
Khotyn Fortress (pictured), site of the Battle of Khotyn between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire in 1621, is one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine?
Repnin Sejm of 1767-68 in Poland was so named after the Russian Empire ambassador Nicholas Repnin, who coerced the Sejm (Polish parliament) into accepting his demands?
Stanisław Warszycki, a wealthy 17th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth magnate, gave rise to many legends about his cruelty, and several places in Poland claim sightings of his ghost?
Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, Russian ambassador to Poland, can be considered an unofficial but de facto ruler of Poland?
Marcin Kromer was a 16th century Prince-Bishop of Warmia, cartographer, and historian in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
Laurynas Gucevičius was the first professional Lithuanian architect in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and is the most famous representative of Lithuanian classicism?
Lublin Castle was the place where the Union of Lublin, creating the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was signed?
Augustus the Strong (pictured) lost the Polish crown in the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), but regained it after the Treaty of Thorn (1709)?

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